Journal of Quranic and Social Studies

اسلامی ریاست میں عوام کو نظم و ضبط کا پابند بنانے کے طریقے تعلیمات نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں

Maria Khalil — 2024-07-18

There were great revolutions in the world, some of which had far-reaching effects on human history, but the revolution brought by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was in every sense the greatest revolution in human history. Its greatness lies in the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) not only improved the appearance of the nation, but this revolution changed even within them. Most importantly, this revolution reached its peak in a short span of only twenty-three years and the whole of Arabia was transformed. Thirsting for each other's blood became grateful to each other as if they were a wall of lead. The question is, what was the strategy on the basis of which such a great revolution took place in humanity, and in the short period of thirteen years, such a group of highly trained people was prepared that as soon as a state (in the form of Medina) was found, each member of the pre-trained party handled their assigned task so smoothly as if they were made for it. Human training done with this level of skill can only be the characteristic of a prophet. He carved every person associated with Islam and made him a diamond out of coal. In this regard, an important point in the prophetic strategy adopted by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is the establishment of discipline. He disciplined the people not only at the individual level but also at the collective level, which led to the establishment of a true welfare state. This research article first highlights the teachings of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to organize the masses through worship. This is followed by a light on the Prophet's teachings of maintaining discipline in private and personal life, and finally on the Prophet's principles of maintaining discipline in social life and interpersonal matters.

Extremism and Terrorism in Pakistan in 21st Century: Changing Dynamics, New Challenges, Security Governance, Viable Policy Option

Dr. Hussan Ara Magsi — 2024-07-18

Pakistan is playing the role of frontline state in countering terrorism at global level .The trends in terrorism are diversity ,decentralization ,democratization ,disinformation, economic depression and violation of human rights are shaping the future of violent extremism and terrorism . The terrorism is emerged in various forms: kidnappings, hijacking ,bomb scares ,bombing ,assassinations ,cyber attacks and use of chemicals ,biological ,nuclear and radiological weapons etc . There are new trends of extremism and terrorism in newly emerging districts of Pakistan. The Pakistani state is confronting the external and internal challenges, traditional and non-traditional security threats with new dimensions and dynamism. These issues are related to security governance of the state. There are viable policy options and pragmatic strategies to counterterrorism in Pakistan. The research work will rely on books, research papers, magazines and internet websites etc. The study is divided in introduction, literature review, objectives, research questions, methodology and conclusion. The situational approach will be applied to gauge various dimensions of terrorism in Pakistan. The aggression frustration theory will be applied in this research to assess terrorist behavior. The strategic model of terrorism will be applied that terrorists attack civilian population and inflict harm masses and public places. The data will be analyzed in the light of above facts to draw the conclusion.

The Influence of the Pakistani Army on the Formulation of Foreign Policy: A Comparative Analysis of the Musharraf and Bajwa era

Hina Butt — 2024-07-18

Foreign policies function as a structural design in the politics of states. Foreign policy is the insurance to maintain national security, the stability of the economy and establishes international relations with other states. While state institutions like the army, the judiciary, and the civil bureaucracy help and strengthen it. Specifically, the military supports the functioning of the state by defending borders and working under civilian governments around the world. But in the case of Pakistan, the army plays an important role in the formulation of foreign policy. Therefore, in this study, we examine the role and influence of the military in the formulation of Pakistan's foreign policy. The study will analyze the role of two military generals; Musharraf and Bajwa's role in the making of foreign policy. Furthermore, the objective is to examine the differences in foreign policies of the Musharraf government and the Bajwa era. However, the theoretical basis of the study will be Realism. The secondary literature available openly in the forms of books, journals, and media commentaries will be used for this short study.

Keywords: foreign policy, military, international politics, realism.

AI and Diplomacy: A New Era for Nuclear Arms Control

Ms. Misbah Atta — 2024-07-18

This in-depth analysis explains the complex implications and uses of AI technologies in influencing international security as it critically investigates the relationship between AI and nuclear arms control. The review begins by placing the difficulties surrounding nuclear arms control in context and emphasizes the critical role artificial intelligence plays in this field. The advantages and drawbacks of AI integration are carefully examined with particular reference to nuclear weapons detection, arms control agreement verification, and predictive modeling. Using both qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources, including surveys, interviews, scholarly publications, and official documents, the review uses a mixed-methods approach. To produce a thorough and exacting evaluation of the research questions, the data is analyzed using a variety of methodologies, including content analysis, statistical analysis, and scenario analysis. Including case studies on major agreements, like the START-3 agreement and the Iran nuclear deal, the review offers concrete insights into the useful application of AI in real-world scenarios. The ethical implications of AI’s role in nuclear arms control are examined in detail, highlighting the necessity of putting safeguards and procedures in place to guarantee deployment that is both responsible and moral. The conclusion’s summary of the main findings highlights AI’s transformative potential and stresses the need to address ethical issues to ensure a more secure future for everyone on the planet. This academic investigation offers significant contributions to the current discourse on the intersection of artificial intelligence and nuclear arms control, offering insightful information to scholars, decision-makers, and interested parties.

Ethno-nationalism, Linguistic Identity and the Political Autonomy: A comparative study of Mahagujarat & Bahawalpur

Muhammad Salman Salman — 2024-07-18

Ethnicity becomes impressionable when it achieves the awareness of its uniqueness. There will be least a country in the world which is based on a nation ideology. In modern times the concept of nation is changed into nation-state in which different ethnic groups develop an identity as ethno-nationalism. As India and Pakistan had been a colony of the British crown and both the countries gained independence at the same time. But in case of policy making related dekmarcation of the states and autonomy, both countries have opted different methodologies. In this regard many of princely states had to fight for their autonomy according to the Indian Act 1935. History witnessed commonalities in both the countries Pakistan & India related to the issue of autonomy on behalf of ethnicity. In 1970 the Gujarat achieved its federalization on account of ethnic disparity but in case of Bhawalpur, princely state has great hindrance in achieving federalization although the model is same. There are many things common in the model of achieving federalization in Gujarat (India) and the Bahawalpur (Pakistan). The study will examine the model of autonomy for the Mahagujarat and the Bahawalpur keeping in view the ethno nationalism and linguistic disparities.

The Determinants and Consequences of Smoking Trends Among the Youths of Balochistan

Dr. Muhammad Rahim — 2024-07-18

Smoking is indeed the first ladder that elevates youth to the culmination of heavy drugs. The purpose of this paper is to examine the understanding of youth about the smoking orientation; the factors which are promoting smoking trends and the consequences of the smoking behavior. The study was carried out on the positivist approach of quantitative research study, where the data was collected from youth of Balochistan about the smoking trends. The data was gathered through simple random sampling technique from the sample size of 200 individuals/respondents. The findings outlined the company or the peer groups and the inadequate parental supervision are the major reasons turning the youth to smoking behavior, besides this the study found that e-cigarette and different flavors in e-cigarette have accelerated the trend among the youth. Moreover, the study resulted that the smoking habit is causing health issues and familial and social stigma. The study suggests that smoking is a harmful risk factor subverting the most crucial segment of the society. The government should revisit the tobacco controlling policies, intervene to restrict perceived accessibility to cigarette and take all possible measure to discourage smoking.

Analysis of ICC Trade Standard for LC Issuance (UCP-600) with relevant AAOIFI Shariah Standards

Nabeel ur Rehman — 2024-07-18

Lack of Shariah compliant International Standards for Trade in particular and other banking transactions in general may cause considerate drip to growth of Islamic Financial Institutions. In this paper an attempt has been made to dwell the subject by analyzing the ICC standard of “UCP-600” in preview of AAIOFI Shariah Standards. Generally, in Islamic Financial Institutions Documentary Credits are executed under two modes known to be as Murabaha and Wakala. The analysis reveals that in principal AAIOFI Shariah Standard allows the use of UCP-600 in Documentary Credits. However, certain clauses necessitate evaluation in accordance with the guidelines outlined in Shariah Standards, particularly when Documentary Credits are conducted under the Islamic mode of Murabaha. Additionally, Shariah Standards consider the validity and permissibility of other contracts executed during the opening, execution, and retirement of Documentary Credits. Provisions such as charging interest, trading impermissible commodities, and providing remunerative guarantees are strictly prohibited for Documentary Credits issued by Islamic Financial Institutions.The analytical section of the paper examines all such clauses with specific reference to relevant Shariah Standards. In the end few recommendations have also been deliberated to elucidate the contravening clauses of UCP-600 with AAIOFI Shariah Standards.

A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Trauma in Celeste Ng's “Little Fires Everywhere”

SIDRA SHAIKH — 2024-08-27

This study provides a psychoanalytic exploration of trauma in Celeste Ng’s Little Fires Everywhere, employing psychoanalytic theory to interpret the characters' psychological experiences and the broader thematic implications of the novel. Utilizing foundational concepts from Freud’s theories of repression and defense mechanisms (Freud, 1920), as well as Klein’s object relations theory (Klein, 1932) and Lacan’s notion of the mirror stage (Lacan, 1977), the research delves into how trauma is portrayed through the characters’ behaviors and interactions. The analysis reveals that the characters’ psychological distress is deeply intertwined with familial relationships and societal expectations. The study finds that Elena Richardson’s controlling behavior and adherence to societal norms are manifestations of her repressed anxieties and unresolved guilt. Her perfectionism and critical stance towards others reflect deeper psychological conflicts rooted in past traumas. Conversely, Mia Warren’s art is interpreted as a form of sublimation, redirecting repressed grief into creative expression, which aligns with Freud’s (1920) theory. Mia’s reluctance to forge close relationships and her secretive nature are seen as mechanisms for managing her trauma, illustrating the influence of early relational dynamics on psychological coping strategies. Furthermore, the research highlights how the socio-economic divide between the Richardson and Warren families exacerbates psychological distress, underscoring the interplay between personal trauma and broader social structures. The findings emphasize that trauma in Little Fires Everywhere is not merely an individual experience but is also shaped by familial and societal contexts. By integrating psychoanalytic concepts with literary analysis, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of trauma representation in contemporary literature and offers insights relevant for both literary scholarship and psychoanalytic practice.

Students’ Perceptions About Independent Study at the University Level: Issues, Benefits, and Outcomes

Irfan Ghaffar — 2024-09-02

The purpose of this research study is to know the students’ perceptions about independent study at the university level and to explore the benefits and effectiveness of independent study. This research study also aim to explore the outcomes of independent study among students. The current study is quantitative in nature while the type of the study was descriptive. The population of the study was the students studying at SZABIST University, Iqra University, and Hamdard University in Karachi, the purposive sampling technique from the nonprobability sampling method was used to select the samples from the population, and the sample size of the current study was 131 where a questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection consisting of twenty-five statements. The data was analyzed with the help of social science group statistics packages (SPSS) and the hypotheses were checked with the help of chi-square. The results indicate that more than 50% of respondents were engaged in doing independent study as part of their academic education in which 70% of respondents found independent study interesting. It is also analyzed in Table 4 that the independent study helps more than 82% of respondents to organize their work in a better way as well as in Tables number 5, 6, and 7 it was evaluated that the progress, confidence level, and sense of responsibility of the students increased with the independent study. However, it was identified in table number 9 that sometimes independent study is found to be distracting and boring for the students. The research study recommends the promotion and appreciation of independent study among students as well as strategies should be planned in educational institution to promote and aware the importance of independent study.

Keywords: Independent Study, Perceptions, Issues, Benefits, Outcomes, University