Assess The Impact of Micro Credit Regarding Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Slum Dwelers in Quetta, Balochistan

Prof. Dr, Mohammad Alam Tareen; Dr. Aijaz Ali Wassan

doi:10.5281/zenodo.10673336

Authors

Prof. Dr, Mohammad Alam Tareen Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Balochistan, Quetta
Dr. Aijaz Ali Wassan Professor Department of Sociology University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10673336

Keywords:

Micro-credit; Women empowerment; Quetta; participatory rural appraisal; indicators

Abstract

Present study was attempted the socio-economic and socio-psychological impacts of micro credit scheme regarding women empowerment in slum dwellers of Quetta city. Current research was mainly qualitative by nature. Multiple interactive sessions were held to grasp on the topic and gather information. Present study was conducted from April to June 2019-20, by using semi structured questionnaire. Focused group discussion, personal interview and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques were applied. 45 females as a sample size were taken from study area. Due to the diverse socio-economic and socio--cultural dynamics of province the female enumerators were hired. In order to better assess changes both in economic and social life of targeted women, current study was developed six indicators. Based on the findings of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with respondents the study was completed and followed by drawing conclusion and suggesting recommendation for future replication of project in the province. Any empowerment effort is well executed when it includes monetary benefits. Therefore, it was recommended that the social mobilization packages with regard to women empowerment should be promoted so as to enhance the socio-economic conditions of female through the various micro credit projects.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Baker, J. L. (2000). Evaluating the impact of development projects on poverty: A handbook for practitioners. World Bank Publications.

Copestake, J., Bhalotra, S., & Johnson, S. (2001). Assessing the impact of microcredit: A Zambian case study. Journal of Development Studies, 37(4), 81-100.

Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., ... & Smith, L. M. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents: Findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17-71.

Malhotra, A., & Schuler, S. R. (2005). Women’s empowerment as a variable in international development. Measuring empowerment: Cross-disciplinary perspectives, 71-88.

Mayoux, L. (2005). Women’s Empowerment through Sustainable Microfinance. Rethinking Best.

Mehta, J. N., & Kellert, S. R. (1998). Local attitudes toward community-based conservation policy and programmes in Nepal: a case study in the Makalu-Barun Conservation Area. Environmental Conservation, 25(4), 320-333.

Pokhriyal, A. K., Rani, R., & Uniyal, J. (2014). Role of micro-finance in the empowerment of the women. Journal of Business and Finance, 2(1), 21-31.

Yuesti, A., Novitasari, L. G., & Rustiarini, N. W. (2016). Accountability of Non-Government Organization from the Perspective of Stakeholder Theory. International Journal, 4(2), 98-119.

Abdullah, H. J., Ibrahim, A., & King, J. (2010). Women's Voices, Work and Bodily Integrityin Pre‐Conflict, Conflict and Post‐Conflict Reconstruction Processes in Sierra Leone.Institute of Development Studies.

Amin-ur-Rahman, M. (2013). Women’s Empowerment: Concept and Beyond. Global journal of Human Social Science, Sociology and Culture, 9-13.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C. & Razaveieh, A. 1996. Introduction to Research Education. (5th Ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Cattaneo, L. B., & Chapman, A. R. (2010). The Process of Empowerment: A Model for Usein Research and Practice. American Psychologist, 646-659.

CGAP. (2006, April 14). Microfiannce: History of Microfinance. Retrieved September 16,2013, from Global Envision: exploring market-driven solutions to poverty: http://www.globalenvision.org/library/4/1051

Chiristabell, P. (2009). Women Empowerment through Capacity Building: The Role ofMicrofinance. Kerala: Concept Publishing Company.

Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics (ed 2). New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Pp 216-228.

Cornwall, A., & Sardenberg, C. (2014). Participatory pathways: Researching women'sempowerment in Salvador, Brazil. Science Direct.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among fiveapproaches. Lincoln: Sage.

Crow, B. A. (n.d.). Radical Feminism: A documentary Reader. New York: New York University Press.

Devellis, R.F. (1991). Scale Development - Theory and Application, Sage Publication, Newburry Park.Columbus, OH. Charles E Merrill Pulishing Co. Pp 104-137

Gay, L. R. (1980). Educational evaluation and measurement: Competencies for analysis and aapplication.

George, D. & Mallery, P. 2003. SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2012). Handbook of feminist research: Theory and praxis. Sage.

Kabeer, N. (1999a). Resources, agency, and achievements: Reflections on the measurement ofWomen's Empowerment. Development and Change, 435-464.

Kabeer, N. (1999b). The conditions and consequences of choice: reflections on the measurement of women's. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.

Kabeer, N. (2001). Conflicts Over Credit: Re-Evaluating the Empowerment Potential of Loans to Women in Rural Bangladesh. World Development, 63-84.

Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women's empowerment: a critical analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal. Gender and Development, 13(1), 13-24.

Krolokke, C., & Sorensen, A. (2006). Three waves of Feminism: From Suuffragettes to grrls. In Gender Communication Theories & analysis: From Silence to Performance. Thousand Oaks.

Leedy, P., D. 1989. Practical research (4th ed.): New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, USA. McGraw-Hill.

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes: Archives of psychology. 22 (140), 1-55

Mason, M. D. (2012). A Phenomenological Study of Professional Identity: Change in Released-time Seminary Teachers. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations.

Mayoux, L. (2005). Women empowerment through sustainable microfinance. Pakistan: AgaKhan foundation Canada.

Mayoux, L. (2008). Taking Gender Seriously: Towards the Gender Justic Protocol For aDiversified, Inclusive, and Sustainable Financial Sector. Canada and Pakistan: Oxfam Novib’s Women’s Empowerment mainstreaming and Networking (WEMAN) programme for Genger Justice in Economic Development.

Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage.

Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book.

Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd Ed.) New York.

Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step-by-Step Guide to Data Analysis using SPSS Version 15. New York: McGraw Hill.

Reynaldo, J. & A. Santos, (1999).Cronbach’s Alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. J. Extens. reference: 11.0 update (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Rowlands, J. (1995). Empowerment examined. Development in Practice, 101-107.

Roxin, H. (2010). Economic Empowerment of Women through Microcredit: The Case of Mitaf. SLE – Postgraduate Studies on International Cooperation.

Sammel, A. (2003). An Invitation to Dialogue: Gadamer, Hermeneutic Phenomenology, and Critical Environmental Education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 155-168.

Sharma, P., & Varma, S. K. (2008). Women empowerment through entrepreneurial activities of Self Help Groups. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu, 46-51.

Spector, P.E. (1992). Summated Rating Scale Construction-An Introduction. Sage Publication, Newburry Park.

Trochim, W. M. 2000. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2nd Edition. AtomicDog Publishing, Cincinnati, OH.

Vaus, D. D. (2002).Analyzing Social Science Data. London: Sage Publication.